An application of "The Diagnostic Advantage of Moral Anti-Realism" to white supremacy, anarchism, Marxism, liberalism and white abolitionism. Written Oct 19, 2026.
1. How the framework is applied
What the framework can and cannot do. The paper presumes moral anti-realism, impartial altruism and Sapolskian determinism. On those presumptions no ideology is true or false as morality, because there are no stance-independent moral facts for it to match. The framework therefore does not rank ideologies by moral correctness. It does two other things. It diagnoses how each ideology, and the hostility around it, is produced, amplified and sustained (Sections 2–3 of the paper). And it measures each against the one aim it presumes: the impartial reduction of suffering for all sentient beings, opponents included. An ideology can be assessed on that second axis without any appeal to moral fact, because the assessment is about consequences and about whose suffering the ideology counts.
What "extreme" means here. The paper does not define extremity. This application uses a definition built from the paper's own stage 4: an ideology is extreme to the degree that it (a) treats its core claims as non-negotiable and objectively grounded, (b) licenses intolerance, exclusion or violence toward outgroups, and (c) excludes some beings' suffering from the count. On this definition extremity is a property of how an ideology is held and enacted, not only of its content. Every ideology below has extreme and moderate carriers, and the analysis notes both. Where an ideology's content alone satisfies (b) and (c), its extremity does not depend on the carrier.
A note on the list. "All extreme ideologies" cannot be covered in one document; the five named here are analysed, and the template transfers to others. Liberalism is not usually classed as extreme. It is included as the comparison case, and because the paper's institutional branch (desert-based sentencing, "good moral character" tests) is largely built from liberal legal institutions.
Template for each ideology.
- Core claims, briefly and in the terms its own carriers would accept.
- Inputs: the material, social and psychological conditions that predict uptake (Sections 2 and 4 of the paper).